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Examples of perverse incentives Pest control campaigns This story is often cited as an example of Goodhart's Law or Campbell's Law. When cobra breeders set their now-worthless snakes free, the wild cobra population further increased. When the government became aware of this, the reward program was scrapped. Eventually, however, enterprising people began to breed cobras for the income. Initially, this was a successful strategy large numbers of snakes were killed for the reward. The British government, concerned about the number of venomous cobras in Delhi, offered a bounty for every dead cobra. The best ways to lower your chances of having kidney damage and to save kidney function are to prevent acute kidney injury or to find and treat it as early as possible.The term cobra effect was coined by economist Horst Siebert based on an anecdote of an occurrence in India during British rule. To protect yourself, you should follow up with your healthcare provider to keep track of your kidney function and recovery. The chances for developing kidney disease and kidney failure increase every time AKI occurs. Your healthcare provider will work to treat all of your symptoms and complications until your kidneys recover.Īfter having AKI, your chances are higher for other health problems (such as kidney disease, stroke, heart disease) or having AKI again in the future. The main goal of your healthcare provider is to treat what is causing your acute kidney injury. In more serious cases, dialysis may be needed to help replace kidney function until your kidneys recover. How long you will stay in the hospital depends on the cause of your AKI and how quickly your kidneys recover. Most people with acute kidney injury are already in the hospital for another reason. Treatment for AKI usually requires you to stay in a hospital. What is the treatment for acute kidney injury?

Kidney biopsy:In some situations, your healthcare provider will do a procedure where a tiny piece of your kidney is removed with a special needle, and looked at under a microscope.

Imaging tests:Imaging tests, such as ultrasound, may help your doctor see your kidneys and look for anything abnormal.

GFR:Your blood test will also help find your GFR (glomerular filtration rate) to estimate the decrease in kidney function.

Blood tests:Blood tests will help find levels of creatinine, urea nitrogen phosphorus and potassium should be done in addition to blood tests for protein in order to look at kidney function.

Urine tests: Your healthcare provider will look at your urine ( urinalysis) to find signs of kidney failure.

Measuring urine output:Your healthcare provider will track how much urine you pass each day to help find the cause of your AKI.

It may also lead to heart disease or death. It is important that AKI is found as soon as possible because it can lead to chronic kidney disease, or even kidney failure. What tests are done to find out if I have acute kidney injury?ĭepending on the cause of your acute kidney injury, your healthcare provider will run different tests if he or she suspects that you may have AKI.

Problems with the nervous system that affect the bladder and urination.

In some people, conditions or diseases can block the passage of urine out of the body and can lead to AKI.

Conditions that cause inflammation or damage to the kidney tubules, to the small blood vessels in the kidneys, or to the filtering units in the kidneys (such as “tubular necrosis,” “glomerulonephritis, “vasculitis” or “thrombotic microangiopathy”).

A group of diseases (called “scleroderma”) that affect the connective tissue that supports your internal organs.

An allergic reaction to certain types of drugs (called “interstitial nephritis”).

A rare condition that causes inflammation and scarring to your blood vessels, making them stiff, weak, and narrow (called “vasculitis”).A type of cancer called “multiple myeloma”.A type of severe, life-threatening infection called “sepsis”.Some disease and conditions can damage your kidneys and lead to AKI.

Examples include ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen. Overuse of pain medicines called “ NSAIDs”, which are used to reduce swelling or relieve pain from headaches, colds, flu, and other ailments.Heart attack, heart failure, and other conditions leading to decreased heart function.Blood or fluid loss (such as bleeding, severe diarrhea).Low blood pressure (called “hypotension”) or shock.Some diseases and conditions can slow blood flow to your kidneys and cause AKI. Acute kidney injury can have many different causes.